Middle+Ages+Artifacts


 * [[image:middle_ages.jpg width="407" height="290"]] || [[image:disease_image.jpg width="431" height="293"]] ||
 * =Medieval Politics=

This picture represents the life in a medieval society. In the image the knights are practicing there skills and the peasants are working on the crops. The castle of the king/lord is all the way at the back of the painting.

The system of feudalism was most likely about the land. The king or lord give some lands to the the knights/vassals for their military service. The vassal give lands to the peasants for growing crops for the lord. Peasants/serfs plant food for their family onthe land provided by the vassal. Land was like money and power in medieval society. If a lord has many land he become more powerful because he could keep more knights and vassals. The more knights he had, the better his land will be secured. || =The Disease=

In the picture, a man is dying from the disease and doctors are trying to help him. Thousands of people died during Black Death and they could not find a cure. They didn't know how the plague was spread and where it came from. In Medieval times, it was believed that disease occurred through sense of smell. They held herb-soaked bundles to the nose were thought to be deterrents to the spread of the disease.There are three types of plague. bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, and septicemic plague.

Bubonic is the most common and the symptoms are black areas on the skin, fever, chills, muscle aches and headache. Symptoms for Pneumonic plague include coughing, chest pains, coughing up blood, high fever, and shortness of breath. The least common form is the Septicemic plague. It involves many symptoms of the bubonic plague. Aldo with the addition of seizures and tendency to bleed.

All the plagues are caused by the same bacillus called Yersinia pestis. That bacterium lives in the bloodstream of rodents, and in the stomachs of the fleas that feed on them. Bubonic and the septicemic forms are spread through fleabites. ||


 * [[image:agriculture.jpg width="409" height="329"]] || [[image:education.jpg width="396" height="332"]] ||
 * =Agriculture=

This image represents the agriculture during Charlemagne's age.In this picture people are working on the field with the help of the animal. Animals were very useful on the farms. Most of the population in the age of Charlemagne lived and worked on the farms. Most of the farmers were freeman, who owned the land they worked even though monasteries made the largest landowning complexes in Charlemagne's time.

At that time the production of agriculture increased because of the large wheeled plow and three-field crop rotation. It is known that the soil would become worn out by repeated crop planting, so half of the land will be empty. During the Carolingian period, farmers began to divide their land into three sections. They planted on two sections and allowed one section lie fallow.That system increased the product of agriculture and made more food each year. || =Educational Reforms=

This image represents the Saint Augustine of Hippo and he is considered the greatest of the Latin church fathers. In this picture, he is holding a book and the people worshiped him.

Before Charlemagne's rule, education were not that important in Frankish culture. Only a few members of society could get any degree of education and many of those could barely read or write. Charlemagne helped encourage the production of manuscripts, and especially texts by Saint Augustine of Hippo and Saint Jerome. He gathered scholars from many places to built new schools in his kingdom at Aachen. Charlemagne was interested in education and scholarship so he learned to read but he couldn't write. Later, Carolingian monks introduced a standard script which was clear and easy to read. ||


 * [[image:battle.jpg width="444" height="348"]] || [[image:pope.jpg width="461" height="349"]] ||
 * = The Hundred Years' War=

This picture shows the Battle of Agincourt between England and France. The English king Henry V led his army into France in 1415. He lost many of his men before they met the bulk of French forces near the village called Agincourt but he won the battle because of large number of armies that he had. Another reason for his victory was because of longbow he used against Charles VI's armies.

The Hundred Years' War is a series of battles fought between England and France from 1337 - 1453. It occurred in the 14th century. It was the last time that the mounted knights played a significant role in European warfare. The knights went up in their status when skilled bowmen, siege guns, and new infantry tactics came. During the Hundred Years' of War many states got destroyed by the war fought between England and France. || = Rival popes=

In this image, Saint Catherine of Seina convert Pope Gregory XI to leave his exile in Avignon and return to Rome. Gregory served as pope from 1370 - 1378. He returned the Holy See to Rome from Avignon and ended a period known as the "Babylonian captivity" of the popes that lasted for most of the 14th century.

One of the cause for the Great Schism was the election of Pope Urban VI, the first non-French pope to be elected since the Avignon office was built. The election took place after the death of Gregory XI in 1378. He reestablished the papal headquarters in Rome and the people of Rome wanted an Italian pope but he would not leave France. Later, the cardinals elected the Italian archbishop of Bari, and he became he Pope Urban VI.

The new pope reformed the administration in ways that angered the French cardinals. They selected their own pope, Cardinal Robert from Geneva. He took the name Clement VII and agreed at the palace in Avignon. Now Europe had two popes, one in Rome and one in Avignon. Kingdoms picked side, asked for land and wealth of the rival pope and forced clergy and laity to wait for the royal choice, or the kingdoms. France, Scotland, and Spain were on Avignon side, England and most of the German and Italian states were with Roman pope. ||